In aerial application, what does the term "ground speed" refer to?

In aerial application, "ground speed" refers specifically to the speed at which the aircraft travels relative to the ground. This measurement is crucial for several reasons. First, it helps determine the application's effectiveness, as the correct ground speed is essential for ensuring that the pesticide or fertilizer is distributed evenly and accurately over the target area.

When the aircraft's ground speed is too fast, the product may not disperse appropriately, leading to reduced effectiveness and potential drift. Conversely, if the ground speed is too slow, this can lead to overlapping applications and potentially overdosing certain areas. This term is distinct from "airspeed," which measures how fast the aircraft moves through the air, account not only for the aircraft's speed but also for wind conditions.

Understanding ground speed allows pilots to adjust their flight patterns and application rates accordingly to enhance efficiency and efficacy in aerial operations.