Which of the following is a common challenge of aerial application?

Variability in application rates is indeed a common challenge in aerial application. This occurs due to several factors, including fluctuations in wind speed and direction, differences in terrain, and the aircraft's speed. When application rates are inconsistent, it can lead to uneven distribution of the pesticides or fertilizers, resulting in either overdosing or underdosing specific areas. This can negatively impact efficacy and potentially cause environmental harm or crop damage.

Aerial applicators must carefully account for these variables during planning and actual application to ensure that the correct amount of product reaches the intended target. Proper calibration of equipment, monitoring weather conditions, and experienced piloting techniques are essential to mitigate this challenge and achieve uniform application across fields.